The threatĪlthough green spruce aphid-induced defoliation results in a relatively low numbers of tree deaths, the loss of needles affects trees’ growth by reducing leader extension and timber volume increment. Damage to non-spruce trees has usually been limited. However, this is exceptionally rare, and has only been seen on fir trees standing close to spruces, and in years when the aphid population has reached particularly high levels. Green spruce aphids have also been found on other species of conifer trees, including various species of fir ( Abies species). These include most North American spruces, including Sitka spruce in UK forestry plantations, and Colorado blue spruce ( P.

However, species of spruce which have not evolved alongside green spruce aphids are significantly affected by the toxins secreted when the aphid feeds. abies), although Norway spruce is not greatly affected because of their shared evolutionary history in continental Europe. These include its native host, the Norway spruce ( P. Green spruce aphids are pests almost exclusively of spruce trees. See 'Origins and background' below for more details. Green spruce aphid is native to continental Europe, but it is now also known to be present in the UK, North America, Australia, New Zealand and Chile. Green spruce aphid ( Elatobium abietinum) is an important defoliating pest of spruce trees (trees in the Picea genus), especially Sitka spruce ( Picea sitchensis), which is widely grown in the UK for the softwood timber market.

Picture: Donald Owen, California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection, Scientific name – Elatobium abietinum (E. Not notifi able – See 'Report a sighting' below

Needle blight spruce trees